Biochemical evaluation of antidiabetic properties of Pithecellobium dulce fruits studied in streptozotocin induced experimental diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is a multisystemic metabolic disorder as old as mankind that has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Though drugs are plenty for the treatment of diabetes, none is found to be ideal due to undesirable side effects and diminution after prolonged use. Hence, search for novel drugs, especially from plant origin continues. Pithecellobium dulce Benth, (Leguminosae) commonly known as Manila Tamarind is found to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties. Based on folkloric use, the present study was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of Pithecellobium dulcee fruits in STZ-induced experimental diabetes in rats. Phytochemical analysis of the fruit extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, phytosterols, and triterpenoids. Oral administration of Pithecellobium dulce fruit extract (300 mg/kg b.w. /day) to diabetic rats for 30 days significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, urea and creatinine. The altered levels of serum aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase were normalized upon treatment with the fruit extract. The observed decrease in the levels of plasma protein, plasma insulin, and hemoglobin in the diabetic rats were elevated to near normal by the extract treatment. The level of glycogen content was improved upon treatment with the extract. The results of the present study indicate that the fruit extract is nontoxic and possess antidiabetic nature.